Livestock & dairy - Solidaridad Network

Challenges

Degraded land and climate change

Livestock systems take up nearly 80% of all agricultural areas worldwide and are worth around $1.4 trillion. The sector employs 1.3 billion people globally and directly supports the livelihoods of 600 million poor smallholder farmers in the developing world.

Livestock products require enormous amounts of land and water to produce. It’s estimated that inadequate pasture management has left at least 680 million hectares of soil in a degraded state. Excessive livestock grazing causes soil compaction, erosion, decreased soil fertility, and inhibited water infiltration and storage capacity.

Livestock production is a huge source of global warming; approximately 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to the livestock sector. Two thirds of these emissions are linked to beef and dairy cattle.

Due to poor access to capital, limited disposable income and lack of inputs and infrastructure, families who farm livestock face almost insurmountable hurdles in their attempts to improve their meagre returns. Working conditions in the sector are harsh and slaughterhouse accidents are frequent.

Increasing production at an industrial scale has put additional strain on public health systems with more and frequent outbreaks of diseases like mad cow disease, avian flu and swine flu.

We cannot talk about zero-deforestation without improving agricultural practices. Innovation and learning hubs provide, in addition to access to management and production techniques, the opportunity to integrate small producers in the value chain.
Joyce Brandão, Solidaridad Programme Manager, Brazil

Solutions

Finding balanced, tailored approaches

World livestock production is too important and too diverse for a one-size-fits-all solution. The challenge is to find a balance between food security, poverty, equity, environmental sustainability and economic development in each region. We bring people together to find solutions, test them, and share them globally.

The Global Roundtable for Sustainable Beef (GRSB) aims to make the beef industry profitable, environmentally sound, and socially responsible through knowledge and resource-sharing. As a founding member, we’ve helped to develop its governance structure and its principles and criteria for defining global sustainable beef.

On the market side, COOP Denmark’s Savannah Fund and Solidaridad’s Farmer Support Programme jointly invest in improving beef production among communal livestock farmers in Namibia. COOP Denmark imports beef from Namibia under the Savannah brand of quality African products.

Efficient land management is key to sustainability in the livestock industry, and this begins with farmers. In cooperation with local partners, we work with farmers on best practices so they can sustainably produce the livestock required to feed the planet. Alleviating poverty is a key issue.

We start from the assumption that it is possible to sustainably work with livestock intensification practices, with family production, in the Amazon biome.
Paulo Lima, project coordinator, Brazil

Materializing efforts

After two years of working with 219 families in the Argentine Chaco dry forest, we restored the first eroded plots by planting pastures and rotational grazing. Furthermore, the first group of producers raised their income by up to 200% and weaning rates from between 30 to 50% by adopting a mix of animal welfare practices, a sanitary plan for the cattle, improvements in water management, and access to formal markets.

In Zimbabwe and Malawi, the Inclusive Red Meat Value Chain project capacitated farmers in sustainable production systems across activities such as animal health, silage making, and fodder production. In Zimbabwe, 1,109 farmers were trained, while in Malawi, 650 farmers benefited. 1,028 farmers participated in Zimbabwe and 540 in Malawi in rangeland mapping. In Malawi, the project trained 44 livestock officers in the cattle grading application.

Worldwide results

We started working on regenerative cattle farming in the Argentinian Chaco biome, where we engaged 216 farmers and trained 160 in regenerative forest management practices.

In Tanzania, farmers reported increased daily milk production, while in Ethiopia two dairy hubs are under development.

In Southern Africa, 1,500 farmers were trained in animal health and nutrition, silage making, fodder production and preservation. Demonstration plots were set up in Malawi and Zimbabwe.

Great outcomes

In East and Central Africa, 5,516,173 litres of milk were aggregated through three dairy hubs established in three cooperatives to enhance income diversification for coffee farmers.

In Latin America, our dairy model in Chaco reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 63 percent per litre of milk produced after one year of implementation.

Our livestock programme in Nicaragua grew from 130 to 180 producers adopting good practices, disseminated through farmer field schools and promoter initiatives.

Global progress

Through a pilot programme in Nicaragua, we co-established a zero-deforestation livestock platform, alongside stakeholders from the private and public sectors, producer organizations and CSOs.

Across Tanzania, a total of 425 farms in Tanzania and dairy farmers were educated on various topics including calf rearing, heat detection, proper feeding of dairy cows, formulation of home-made ration, fodder growing, management and storage, record keeping, animal health and herd projections. In Southern Africa, the Livestock project trained a total of 414 smallholder farmers on holistic rangelands management, and 61 service providers have achieved self-sustenance.

In South America livestock farmers maintained 49 percent of their native forest and increased their productivity by 31 percent against the regional baseline, while decreasing carbon emissions by 18 percent per hectare and 14 percent per kilogram of beef produced.

New programmes

In Zambia, we launched a pilot livestock programme focusing on grazing land, climate mitigation and resilience. The project seeks to restore practices that help the ecosystem thrive while increasing knowledge around cattle breeding from the market perspective. In Paraguay, we supported small-scale dairy producers to adopt climate-smart technologies to improve herds’ resilience to sustained droughts in Dry Chaco. This increased dairy productivity by 17%, which led to two new cooperatives to adopt climate-smart technologies.

Gaining attention

As a result of the Paris Climate Agreement, livestock sustainability is gaining more attention worldwide. One of the challenges is to combine climate-smart livestock production with a decent income for the millions that try to earn a living in livestock. Solidaridad’s experience from the eight livestock Farmer Support Programmes in seven countries provided a solid foundation for setting up new initiatives in 2016.

Livestock in the spotlight

The UN Climate Change Conference in November 2015 put the spotlight even more firmly on sustainability in the livestock sector, which is responsible for about 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Within the industry, there is considerable potential to reduce emissions, particularly by low-yielding smallholder producers in the global South. There are social implications too, with more than 1.3 billion people around the world dependent for their livelihoods on livestock production.

Growing impact

The Farmer Support Programme, including Livestock, is running in seven different countries: South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Nicaragua, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Brazil. Later this year it is expected the Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef (GRSB) will launch its principles and criteria for sustainable beef.

New reach

The livestock dairy project began in Bangladesh while in South America Solidaridad tested a continual improvement self-assessment tool for livestock.

Launching GRSB

Solidaridad co-founded and became a board member of the Global Roundtable on Sustainable Beef (GRSB). Additionally, Solidaridad launched the Livestock Farmer Support Programme.

The work begins

Livestock became a full supply chain programme and the first International Programme Coordinator is appointed.

A first for beef

First Global Conference on Sustainable Beef. Solidaridad started its cooperation with Zandbergen, a major meat distributor.

The GTPS

Solidaridad engaged with the cattle sector. This later lead to the formation of the Brazilian Roundtable on Sustainable Livestock (GTPS).

Poverty alleviation

Solidaridad supported work on poverty alleviation by developing farming with small ruminants (goats).

Where we work

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Learning livestock management

While a growing middle class in the Southern African region has led to a steady growth in the demand for animal protein, livestock producers have faced significant challenges in terms of the drought that has affected the region for the past couple of years. The livestock programme aims to support livestock producers to improve management that can increase productivity and efficiency while simultaneously helping to reverse land degradation that has occurred across the region from unsustainable grazing patterns.

The white gold revolution

Dairy consumption is increasing globally, presenting an opportunity for farmers in developing countries. Small-scale dairy farmers need to produce high-quality dairy to realize their full potential in this growing, formalized market.

Dairy as a meaningful proposition

The global dairy sector faces several challenges. For
the majority of family farmers, it remains a challenge to earn a
decent livelihood with dairy production. At Solidaridad, we see opportunities to transform the dairy sector of low- and middle-income countries into a competitive and sustainable sector, hereby building the capacity of many countries to take care of their own dairy production at the local level.